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Recreational: oral, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, smoke inhalation, insufflation, rectal, vaginal. Heavy recreational use of methamphetamine may lead to a post-acute-withdrawal syndrome, which can persist for months beyond the typical withdrawal period. Methamphetamine belongs to the substituted phenethylamine and substituted amphetamine chemical classes. Dextromethamphetamine is a much stronger CNS stimulant than levomethamphetamine. It is related to the other dimethylphenethylamines as a positional isomer of these compounds, which share the common chemical formula: C 10 H 15 N 1. See also: Party and play and the Recreational routes of methamphetamine administration.
Chronic high-dose use can precipitate unpredictable and rapid mood swings, prominent delusions and violent behavior. Both methamphetamine and dextromethamphetamine are illicitly trafficked and sold owing to their potential for recreational use. The highest prevalence of illegal methamphetamine use occurs in parts of Asia, Oceania, and in the United States, where racemic methamphetamine, levomethamphetamine, and dextromethamphetamine are classified as schedule II controlled substances. At higher doses, it can induce psychosis, breakdown of skeletal muscle, seizures and bleeding in the brain. While dextromethamphetamine is a more potent drug, racemic methamphetamine is sometimes illicitly produced due to the relative ease of synthesis and limited availability of chemical precursors. In low doses, methamphetamine can elevate mood, increase alertness, concentration and energy in fatigued individuals, reduce appetite and promote (initial) weight loss. It is rarely prescribed due to concerns involving human neurotoxicity and potential for recreational use as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant, among other concerns, as well as the availability of safer substitute drugs with comparable treatment efficacy.
